nmap软件使用手册

from：http://www.nmap.com.cn/doc/manual.shtm

nmap软件使用手册

如果是为了测试，scanme.nmap.org 允许被扫描。但仅允许使用Nmap扫描并禁止测试漏洞或进行DoS攻击。为保证带宽，对该主机的扫描每天不要超过12次。如果这个免费扫描服务滥用，系统将崩溃而且Nmap将报告解析 指定的主机名/IP地址失败：scanme.nmap.org。这些免费扫描要求也适用于scanme2.nmap.org、 scanme3.nmap.org等等，虽然这些主机目前还不存在。

选项概要

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} TARGET SPECIFICATION: Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc. Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0-255.0-255.1-254 -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file HOST DISCOVERY: -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan -sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online -P0: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery -PS/PA/PU [portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK or UDP discovery probes to given ports -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes resolve] SCAN TECHNIQUES: -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idlescan -sO: IP protocol scan -b <ftp relay host>: FTP bounce scan PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER: -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 -F: Fast - Scan only the ports listed in the nmap-services file) -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info --version-light: Limit to most likely probes for faster identification --version-all: Try every single probe for version detection --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging) OS DETECTION: -O: Enable OS detection --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: -T[0-6]: Set timing template (higher is faster) --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <msec>: Parallel host scan group sizes --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <msec>: Probe parallelization --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <msec>: Specifies probe round trip time. --host-timeout <msec>: Give up on target after this long --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <msec>: Adjust delay between probes FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU) -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address -e <iface>: Use specified interface -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field --spoof-mac <mac address, prefix, or vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address OUTPUT: -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan results in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3, and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename. -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once -v: Increase verbosity level (use twice for more effect) -d[level]: Set or increase debugging level (Up to 9 is meaningful) --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging) --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML --no-stylesheet: Prevent Nmap from associating XSL stylesheet w/XML output MISC: -6: Enable IPv6 scanning -A: Enables OS detection and Version detection --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location --send-eth/--send-ip: Send packets using raw ethernet frames or IP packets --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged -V: Print version number -h: Print this help summary page. EXAMPLES: nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org nmap -v -sP 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 nmap -v -iR 10000 -P0 -p 80

实例

下面给出一些实例，简单的、复杂的到深奥的。为更具体，一 些例子使用了实际的IP地址和域名。在这些位置，可以使用你自己网络的地址/域名替换。注意，扫描其它网络不一定合法，一些网络管理员不愿看到 未申请过的扫描，会产生报怨。因此，先获得允许是最好的办法。

nmap -v scanme.nmap.org

这个选项扫描主机scanme.nmap.org中 所有的保留TCP端口。选项-v启用细节模式。

nmap -sS -O scanme.nmap.org/24

进行秘密SYN扫描，对象为主机Saznme所在的“C类”网段 的255台主机。同时尝试确定每台工作主机的操作系统类型。因为进行SYN扫描 和操作系统检测，这个扫描需要有根权限。

nmap -sV -p 22，53，110，143，4564 198.116.0-255.1-127

进行主机列举和TCP扫描，对象为B类188.116网段中255个8位子网。这 个测试用于确定系统是否运行了sshd、DNS、imapd或4564端口。如果这些端口 打开，将使用版本检测来确定哪种应用在运行。

nmap -v -iR 100000 -P0 -p 80

随机选择100000台主机扫描是否运行Web服务器(80端口)。由起始阶段 发送探测报文来确定主机是否工作非常浪费时间，而且只需探测主机的一个端口，因 此使用-P0禁止对主机列表。

nmap -P0 -p80 -oX logs/pb-port80scan.xml -oG logs/pb-port80scan.gnmap 216.163.128.20/20

扫描4096个IP地址，查找Web服务器(不ping)，将结果以Grep和XML格式保存。

host -l company.com | cut -d -f 4 | nmap -v -iL -

进行DNS区域传输，以发现company.com中的主机，然后将IP地址提供给 Nmap。上述命令用于GNU/Linux -- 其它系统进行区域传输时有不同的命令。