# nmap软件使用手册

from：<http://www.nmap.com.cn/doc/manual.shtm>

## nmap软件使用手册

如果是为了测试，scanme.nmap.org 允许被扫描。但仅允许使用Nmap扫描并禁止测试漏洞或进行DoS攻击。为保证带宽，对该主机的扫描每天不要超过12次。如果这个免费扫描服务滥用，系统将崩溃而且Nmap将报告解析 指定的主机名/IP地址失败：scanme.nmap.org。这些免费扫描要求也适用于scanme2.nmap.org、 scanme3.nmap.org等等，虽然这些主机目前还不存在。

#### 选项概要

Usage: nmap \[Scan Type(s)] \[Options] {target specification}\
TARGET SPECIFICATION:\
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.\
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0-255.0-255.1-254\
-iL \<inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks\
-iR \<num hosts>: Choose random targets\
\--exclude \<host1\[,host2]\[,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks\
\--excludefile \<exclude\_file>: Exclude list from file\
HOST DISCOVERY:\
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan\
-sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online\
-P0: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery\
-PS/PA/PU \[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK or UDP discovery probes to given ports\
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes\
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve \[default: sometimes resolve]\
SCAN TECHNIQUES:\
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans\
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans\
\--scanflags \<flags>: Customize TCP scan flags\
-sI \<zombie host\[:probeport]>: Idlescan\
-sO: IP protocol scan\
-b \<ftp relay host>: FTP bounce scan\
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:\
-p \<port ranges>: Only scan specified ports\
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080\
-F: Fast - Scan only the ports listed in the nmap-services file)\
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize\
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:\
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info\
\--version-light: Limit to most likely probes for faster identification\
\--version-all: Try every single probe for version detection\
\--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)\
OS DETECTION:\
-O: Enable OS detection\
\--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets\
\--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively\
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:\
-T\[0-6]: Set timing template (higher is faster)\
\--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup \<msec>: Parallel host scan group sizes\
\--min-parallelism/max-parallelism \<msec>: Probe parallelization\
\--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout \<msec>: Specifies\
probe round trip time.\
\--host-timeout \<msec>: Give up on target after this long\
\--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay \<msec>: Adjust delay between probes\
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:\
-f; --mtu \<val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)\
-D \<decoy1,decoy2\[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys\
-S \<IP\_Address>: Spoof source address\
-e \<iface>: Use specified interface\
-g/--source-port \<portnum>: Use given port number\
\--data-length \<num>: Append random data to sent packets\
\--ttl \<val>: Set IP time-to-live field\
\--spoof-mac \<mac address, prefix, or vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address\
OUTPUT:\
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG \<file>: Output scan results in normal, XML, s|\<rIpt kIddi3,\
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.\
-oA \<basename>: Output in the three major formats at once\
-v: Increase verbosity level (use twice for more effect)\
-d\[level]: Set or increase debugging level (Up to 9 is meaningful)\
\--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received\
\--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)\
\--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files\
\--resume \<filename>: Resume an aborted scan\
\--stylesheet \<path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML\
\--no-stylesheet: Prevent Nmap from associating XSL stylesheet w/XML output\
MISC:\
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning\
-A: Enables OS detection and Version detection\
\--datadir \<dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location\
\--send-eth/--send-ip: Send packets using raw ethernet frames or IP packets\
\--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged\
-V: Print version number\
-h: Print this help summary page.\
EXAMPLES:\
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org\
nmap -v -sP 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8\
nmap -v -iR 10000 -P0 -p 80

### 实例

下面给出一些实例，简单的、复杂的到深奥的。为更具体，一 些例子使用了实际的IP地址和域名。在这些位置，可以使用*你自己网络*的地址/域名替换。注意，扫描其它网络不一定合法，一些网络管理员不愿看到 未申请过的扫描，会产生报怨。因此，先获得允许是最好的办法。

**nmap -v scanme.nmap.org**

这个选项扫描主机scanme.nmap.org中 所有的保留TCP端口。选项-v启用细节模式。

**nmap -sS -O scanme.nmap.org/24**

进行秘密SYN扫描，对象为主机Saznme所在的“C类”网段 的255台主机。同时尝试确定每台工作主机的操作系统类型。因为进行SYN扫描 和操作系统检测，这个扫描需要有根权限。

**nmap -sV -p 22，53，110，143，4564 198.116.0-255.1-127**

进行主机列举和TCP扫描，对象为B类188.116网段中255个8位子网。这 个测试用于确定系统是否运行了sshd、DNS、imapd或4564端口。如果这些端口 打开，将使用版本检测来确定哪种应用在运行。

**nmap -v -iR 100000 -P0 -p 80**

随机选择100000台主机扫描是否运行Web服务器(80端口)。由起始阶段 发送探测报文来确定主机是否工作非常浪费时间，而且只需探测主机的一个端口，因 此使用-P0禁止对主机列表。

**nmap -P0 -p80 -oX logs/pb-port80scan.xml -oG logs/pb-port80scan.gnmap 216.163.128.20/20**

扫描4096个IP地址，查找Web服务器(不ping)，将结果以Grep和XML格式保存。

**host -l company.com | cut -d -f 4 | nmap -v -iL -**

进行DNS区域传输，以发现company.com中的主机，然后将IP地址提供给 Nmap。上述命令用于GNU/Linux -- 其它系统进行区域传输时有不同的命令。
